Planes

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Plane Description Example Use in Medicine/Anatomy Chinese Name
Sagittal Plane Divides the body into left and right portions. MRI brain scans often use sagittal slices. 矢状面
Midsagittal Plane (Median Plane) A special sagittal plane that runs exactly through the midline, dividing the body into equal left and right halves. Used to study midline structures like the spinal cord. 正中面
Parasagittal Plane Any sagittal plane off-center, not dividing equally. Used for imaging asymmetrical body parts. 旁矢状面
Frontal Plane (Coronal Plane) Divides the body into anterior (front) and posterior (back) portions. Common in CT scans of the chest. 冠状面
Transverse Plane (Horizontal / Axial Plane) Divides the body into superior (upper) and inferior (lower) portions. Used in CT and MRI cross-sectional imaging. 横断面 / 水平面
Oblique Plane Any plane that cuts through the body at an angle, not aligned with the other standard planes. Used for specialized imaging views, e.g. of joints. 斜面

Directions

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Direction Description Opposite Chinese Name
Superior (Cranial) Toward the head / upper part of the body Inferior 上方 / 颅侧
Inferior (Caudal) Toward the feet / lower part of the body Superior 下方 / 尾侧
Anterior (Ventral) Toward the front (belly) of the body Posterior 前方 / 腹侧
Posterior (Dorsal) Toward the back (dorsum) of the body Anterior 后方 / 背侧
Medial Toward the midline of the body Lateral 内侧
Lateral Away from the midline Medial 外侧
Proximal Closer to the origin of a structure or point of attachment, or to a given reference point Distal 近端
Distal Farther from the origin of a structure or point of attachment, or from a given reference point Proximal 远端
Superficial Toward or at the body surface Deep 浅表
Deep Away from the body surface; more internal Superficial 深部